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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
今日腊八！万事“粥”全等年来****** 今天是农历十二月初八 是我国的传统节日——腊八节 腊八节后年味儿渐浓 在我国北方 有 “小孩小孩你别馋 过了腊八就是年”的童谣 过腊八就意味着拉开了过年的序幕
腊八节的由来 腊者，猎也，言田猎取禽兽以祭祀其先祖也。 ——《礼记 • 月令》 冬至后三戌，腊祭百神。 ——《说文》 北京师范大学社会学院教授、中国民间文艺家协会中国节日文化研究中心主任萧放介绍，腊八节的前身是古代的腊日，腊日是上古重要的年终祭祀日。 在我国古代，“腊”最初是一种祭礼。据《礼记·郊特牲》记载，腊祭是“岁十二月，合聚万物而索飨之也。”夏代称腊日为“嘉平”，商代为“清祀”，周代为“大蜡”；因在十二月举行，故称该月为腊月，举行“冬祭”的这一天便称为“腊日”。 腊日起初并没有固定时期，直到魏晋南北朝时，才固定在腊月初八这一天。自此，这一日便被人们称作“腊八”。 腊八节吃什么 喝腊八粥。在腊八节这一天，很多地方有喝腊八粥的传统。腊八粥又称“七宝五味粥”“佛粥”“大家饭”等，由大米、小米、玉米、薏米、红枣、莲子、花生、桂圆和各种豆类（如红豆、绿豆、黄豆、黑豆、芸豆等）等食材熬制而成。
据说，我国喝腊八粥的习俗，已经流传有一千多年。 据记载，腊八粥最早开始于宋代，每逢“腊八”这一天，不论是朝廷、官府、寺院，还是黎民百姓家，都要做腊八粥。 到了清朝，喝腊八粥的风俗更是盛行。“腊八”这一天，皇家食用并施散腊八粥，大街小巷人涌如潮，即便是数九寒冬日，也是热闹非凡。 如今，每到腊八节，常有寺院施粥，如杭州灵隐寺每年都给养老院馈送腊八粥，让传统节日充满了爱的温情。 泡腊八蒜。腊八蒜通常是指用醋腌制的蒜，成品颜色翠绿，口味偏酸、微辣。因多在农历十二月初八（腊月初八）进行腌制，故称“腊八蒜”。 在我国北方，泡腊八蒜也是“腊八节”的习俗之一。去除老皮后，将紫皮蒜浸入米醋，封严坛口到除夕再启封，蒜就会变得如同翡翠碧玉般通透。湛清翠绿、蒜辣醋香的腊八蒜，可以做凉菜可以配饺子，北方人的春节少不了它。
图源：摄图网 吃腊八豆腐。在腊八前后，安徽黔县家家户户都要晒制豆腐。豆腐抹上盐水后在中间挖一小洞，在太阳下晒干，民间将这种自然晒制的豆腐称作“腊八豆腐”。 “腊八豆腐”平时用草绳悬挂在通风处晾着，吃时摘取，一般可晾放三个月不变质、变味。它既可以单独吃，也可与肉类同炒、同炖。古时的徽商外出一走一年，这豆腐就是游子与家乡的信物。
图源：人民日报 腊八时节，注意防寒保暖 由于腊八一般正值“三九天”，所以民间有“腊七腊八，冻掉下巴”的说法，形容这个时间天气极冷，所以外出需注意适当添加衣物，防寒保暖。 中医认为，“头是诸阳之会”，体内阳气很容易从头部散失。所以，天气严寒之时，要注意头部保暖，以免引发感冒、头痛等疾病。 俗语说，“寒从脚下起”，冬季要注意保持鞋袜温暖干燥，并经常洗晒。睡前可用热水泡脚，并按摩脚底穴位，促进血液循环。此外，还要尽可能减少皮肤暴露，手、耳朵等容易生冻疮的部位，要注意经常按摩，出门戴上手套等。
熬制养生腊八粥“指南” 清代食疗名著《随息居饮食谱》曾将粥誉为“世间第一补人之物”。传统腊八粥延续至今，不但契合中医食疗中的“五色入五脏”的养生说法，还符合现代营养学中食物多样化标准。 熬好一锅滋补养人的腊八粥，营养专家提出了4点建议。 杂粮和白米比例1:3。这样能够保持较为平稳的餐后血糖，且豆类和部分全谷物没有黏性，合理搭配口感更好。 加水量是粮食的6倍以上。用电压力锅做粥，粮食与水的比例大概是1:10~1:6。用普通汤锅做粥，则需要添加更多水。 先泡后煮，防止变糊。杂豆种类的不同，浸泡所需时长也不同。一般来讲，豆子浸泡8~12小时，多数全谷物2~4小时为宜。认真清洗过的杂粮，浸泡的水最好不要丢掉，否则损失了不少维生素和钾等营养成分。 别煮得太黏稠。腊八粥中的糯米和大黄米之所以能产生黏稠的口感，是因为其中一种不容易消化的淀粉比例较高。脾胃虚弱的老人、孩子，或是胃动力不足的年轻人，喝腊八粥不宜太黏稠。 综合整理自：科普中国、中国食品科学技术学会、人民日报、生命时报 整理：刘雪洁 蔡琳 （文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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